In one of my earlier posts I have presented how to connect 3 routers in a Hub and Spoke Frame-Relay topology. Now I want to show you how to connect 2 routers back to back, in a Frame Relay topology. With a back to back connection and without any FR switch, things are a little bit different than in the Hub and Spooke topology.
First let’s have a look to the topology:
We have 2 routers, connected back to back. The interface status on both routers:
sh run int s0/0
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
shutdown
First let set up the encapsulation to Frame-Relay and to bring the interfaces UP:
conf t
interface S0/0
encapsulation frame-relay
no shutdown
Everything should be fine now, but it’s not, as if you check your interfaces you will see that they are in a Up/Down status on both routers:
sh int s0/0
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is down
Even this is messing up a little bit with our brains, the Up/Down status is normal in this phase. Why? Remember that we do not have a FR switch, both interface consider themselved DTE side and LMI is not working. You can check if LMI like this:
R1#sh frame-relay lmi
LMI Statistics for interface Serial0/0 (Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = CISCO
Invalid Unnumbered info 0 Invalid Prot Disc 0
Invalid dummy Call Ref 0 Invalid Msg Type 0
Invalid Status Message 0 Invalid Lock Shift 0
Invalid Information ID 0 Invalid Report IE Len 0
Invalid Report Request 0 Invalid Keep IE Len 0
Num Status Enq. Sent 6 Num Status msgs Rcvd 0
Num Update Status Rcvd 0 Num Status Timeouts 5
Last Full Status Req 00:00:04 Last Full Status Rcvd never
You will see Sent packages on both routers, but nothing received as there is no FR switch. In this conditions we have to disable LMI and to assign DLCIs manually. To disable LMI, issue the following command under Frame-Relay interface:
interface S0/0
no keepalive
Now interfaces should be in a Up/Up status:
sh int s0/0
Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is up
As in this moment everything looks fine, let’s start to configure the Frame-Relay back to back connections. Obvious, at least for me, when you have a back to back connection, first things that comes into your mind is a point-to-point interface. Let’s start with this configuration (we will use from diagram the black line connection with subnet 100.100.100.0 /24) . I will show only the configuration on the primary router, but it’s the same on the secondary one, just with a different IP address in the 4th octet.
interface S0/0.100 point-to-point
ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
Remember DLCIs are only local significant so you can define whatever number you want there, but of course the same DLCI number on both sides. Let’s check if everything is fine:
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial0/0.100 (up): point-to-point dlci, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), broadcast
R1#show frame-relay pvc | i STATUS
DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = STATIC, INTERFACE = Serial0/0.100
We can see a point-to-point dlci in frame-relay map, and a static defined PVC. If you ping from R1 to R2 and viceversa it should work.
This was the straight forward solution, but going a little bit more into details, you can be required in some situations that you have to use a multipoint Frame-Relay interface. Actually what is a multipoint interface more than multiple point-to-point interfaces. Let’s take the sencond line (red one, with subnet 110.110.110.0 /24 in the topology) and configure this back to back connection using multipoint interfaces:
interface s0/0.110 multipoint
ip address 110.110.110.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay map ip 110.110.110.2 110 broadcast
frame-relay map ip 110.110.110.1 110
As you see the configuration is different from the point-to-point interface. Actually under multipoint interface you can issue the frame-relay interface-dlci 110 command, but this will not help too much. Remember that we have disable LMI in the first steps because we do not have a FR switch. No FR switch means no automatic L3 to L2 mapping. In other words even if you specify the interface-dlci, the interface being a multipoint will not know where to forward packets. Why this didn’t happen in the point-to-point scenario, you may ask. Well, because there the keyword is interface sx/x point-to-point, so by it’s nature the interface knows that there is only one destination possible, meaning the other end (or point if you want).
In this scenario we had to manually map L3 to L2 with the command frame-relay map. Actually you only need the first frame-relay map, pointing to the other router IP address, but I add the last command just in case you want to ping your own interface.
Now maybe you ask which is the third scenario (blue line). Well, this is not very common in the real environment, but maybe you have to deal with it in a special condition like lab environment, Cisco exam and so on. Let’s say that you have a request that you need to have 3 virtual PVC connections, but only 2 subinterface. Now, you already have 2 subinterface configured, so how can you achieve the third PVC connection. The answer is that you configure the main interface with the same configuration like in multipoint subinterface scenario. By it’s nature and interface is described point to multipoint, so in a Frame Relay scenario like this you have to manually map L3 to L2:
interface Serial0/0
ip address 120.120.120.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation frame-relay
no keepalive
frame-relay map ip 120.120.120.1 120
frame-relay map ip 120.120.120.2 120 broadcast
If you followed this tutorial, at the end you should have reachability over the 3 subnets.
